The Library
Important articles, literature, and works related to refractive surgery.
ICL Sizing & Vault Research
Peer-reviewed research on Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) sizing and vault — including the VAULT and VAULT-OCT AI models — led by the Refractive Foundations team at Parkhurst NuVision. Each links to the journal (DOI), PubMed, and full text where available.
- Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery (JCRS)·2025
VAULT-OCT: Predicting ICL Postoperative Vault from Anterior-Segment OCT Using Deep Learning
Matt Hirabayashi, MD, Gurpal Virdi, MD, Nasser T, Abramson A, Parkhurst G
TL;DR: A deep-learning model predicts the post-op vault from a quick, no-touch OCT scan — aiming to reduce sizing-related ICL exchanges. Powers the latest ICLFit.com.
- Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery (JCRS)·2024
VAULT: A Novel Image-Based AI Model for Predicting Implantable Collamer Lens Postoperative Vault
Nasser T, Matt Hirabayashi, MD, Gurpal Virdi, MD, Abramson A, Parkhurst G
TL;DR: The first AI model to predict the safe vault gap from an image, so the right lens size can be chosen before surgery rather than estimated.
- Clinical Ophthalmology·2026
Dynamic Changes in Implantable Collamer Lens Vault and Anterior Chamber Angle Under Varying Lighting Conditions
Matt Hirabayashi, MD, Cantu E, Abramson A, Gurpal Virdi, MD, Nasser T, Parkhurst G
TL;DR: Vault is not a single fixed number — it shifts as the pupil changes with lighting, so sizing should target each individual eye, not one universal value.
- Clinical Ophthalmology·2025
ICL Exchanges or Explants Due to Sizing in a United States High-Volume Center
Matt Hirabayashi, MD, Gurpal Virdi, MD, Nasser T, Libfraind L, Zapata E, Abramson A, Parkhurst G
TL;DR: Measured how often an ICL actually has to be exchanged or removed for sizing at a busy U.S. center — it is uncommon and almost always preventable with better sizing.
- Clinical Ophthalmology·2025
Clinical Outcomes of Implantable Collamer Lenses for Myopia in Eyes with Anterior Chamber Depth < 3.0 mm at a Single U.S. Center
Matt Hirabayashi, MD, Gurpal Virdi, MD, Abramson A, Nasser T, Vanrachack A, Parkhurst G
TL;DR: ICL can work well in shallow eyes (ACD under the usual 3.0 mm cutoff) when sized carefully by an experienced team.
- Cureus·2025
Accuracy of Reported Sizes of the EVO/EVO+ Visian Implantable Collamer Lenses
Matt Hirabayashi, MD, Gurpal Virdi, MD, Nasser T, Abramson A, Parkhurst G
TL;DR: Physically checked how closely manufactured EVO/EVO+ lenses match their labeled sizes — small real-world differences a good sizing tool should account for.
- Cureus·2026
Phakic Intraocular Lenses as a Potential Treatment for Pigment Dispersion Syndrome
Matt Hirabayashi, MD, Cooley A, Shakarchi F, Vanrachack A, Ducker L, Shelby C, Coleman W, Parkhurst G, LoBue S
TL;DR: Explores using a phakic lens (the same implant family as the ICL) to help pigment dispersion syndrome — hinting these lenses may do more than correct vision.
Research Articles
Risk for Microbial Keratitis: Comparative Meta-analysis of Contact Lens Wearers and Post-LASIK Patients
Jordan Masters MD, Mehmet Kocak PhD, Aaron Waite MD
TL;DR: LASIK is safer than contact lenses.
Open PDF ↗Three-Year Longitudinal Survey Comparing Visual Satisfaction with LASIK and Contact Lenses
Marianne O. Price PhD, David A. Price BS, Frank A. Bucci Jr. MD, Daniel S. Durrie MD, William I. Bond MD, Francis W. Price Jr. MD
TL;DR: Patients are happier with LASIK than with contact lenses.
Open PDF ↗Prevalence of Laser Vision Correction in Ophthalmologists Who Perform Refractive Surgery
Guy M. Kezirian MD MBA, Gregory D. Parkhurst MD, Jason P. Brinton MD, Richard A. Norden MD
Open PDF ↗Reproducibility of Manifest Refraction
Dan Z. Reinstein et al.
Open PDF ↗Myopia Management
Diagnostics — Refractive Surgery Screening
JCRS 50:591 — Refractive Surgery Literature
